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Creators/Authors contains: "Shao, Zili"

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  1. Free, publicly-accessible full text available February 25, 2026
  2. Free, publicly-accessible full text available February 25, 2026
  3. Having dominated databases and various data management systems for decades,B+-tree is infamously subject to a logging dilemma: One could improveB+-tree speed performance by equipping it with a larger log, which nevertheless will degrade its crash recovery speed. Such a logging dilemma is particularly prominent in the presence of modern workloads that involve intensive small writes. In this paper, we propose a novel solution, calledper-page loggingbasedB+-tree, which leverages the emerging computational storage drive (CSD) with built-in transparent compression to fundamentally resolve the logging dilemma. Our key idea is to divide the large single log into many small (e.g., 4KB), highly compressibleper-page logs, each being statically bounded with aB+-tree page. All per-page logs together form a very large over-provisioned log space forB+-tree to improve its operational speed performance. Meanwhile, during crash recovery,B+-tree does not need to scan any per-page logs, leading to a recovery latency independent from the total log size. We have developed and open-sourced a fully functional prototype. Our evaluation results show that, under small-write intensive workloads, our design solution can improveB+-tree operational throughput by up to 625.6% and maintain a crash recovery time of as low as 19.2 ms, while incurring a minimal storage overhead of only 0.5-1.6%. 
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